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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Targeting Signalling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Kaja Blagotinsek, Damjana Rozman1

  • 1Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing liver cancer concern. Targeting specific molecular pathways and microRNAs offers promising new therapeutic strategies for halting HCC progression.

Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinomadrug targetsgenomicshepatocarcinogenesismicroRNAsignalling pathway

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Author Spotlight: Investigating Liver Cancer Pathogenesis Using Patient-Derived Organoids
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Liver Cancer Pathogenesis Using Patient-Derived Organoids

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, with rising incidence and mortality in Europe and the US.
  • Diagnosis often occurs at advanced stages, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Recent research has improved understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key signaling pathways implicated in HCC development.
  • To discuss these pathways as potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in HCC progression.

Main Results:

  • Disruption of pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, RAF/MEK/ERK, tyrosine kinase receptor-related, Met-HGF, VEGF/VEGF, and ROR signaling is crucial for liver oncogenesis.
  • These pathways represent significant therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Oncogenes, particularly microRNAs, that modulate signaling pathways are promising for halting or reversing HCC progression.
  • Targeting specific molecular pathways and microRNAs offers a viable strategy for future HCC therapies.