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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

736
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
736
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

690
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
690
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

530
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
530
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

308
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
308
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

392
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
392
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

521
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
521

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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Urolithiasis.

Ricardo Videla1, Sarel van Amstel1

  • 1Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Urolithiasis, a common urinary issue in male ruminants like goats and sheep, causes severe pain and high fatality rates. This condition significantly impacts animal welfare and incurs substantial economic losses for owners and farmers.

Keywords:
Ruminant urolithiasisUrinary obstruction goat/sheepUrinary obstruction ruminantsUrolithiasis goat/sheepVeterinary urinary blockage

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Health

Background:

  • Urolithiasis is a prevalent urinary tract disease in male ruminants.
  • It is a frequent emergency in male goats and sheep, causing significant pain.
  • The condition carries a high fatality rate and considerable economic implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and impact of urolithiasis in male ruminants.
  • To underscore the welfare and economic consequences of this disease.
  • To inform stakeholders about the severity of urinary calculi in livestock.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ruminant urolithiasis.
  • Analysis of clinical case data and economic impact assessments.
  • Synthesis of information on disease presentation, treatment challenges, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Urolithiasis is a primary cause of urinary obstruction and mortality in male goats and sheep.
  • Affected animals experience extreme pain, necessitating urgent veterinary intervention.
  • Significant financial losses result from treatment costs and animal mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Urolithiasis poses a critical threat to the welfare and economic viability of ruminant farming.
  • Effective prevention and management strategies are essential to mitigate its impact.
  • Further research into preventative measures and treatment protocols is warranted.