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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals
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Functional limb weakness and paralysis.

J Stone1, S Aybek2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional limb weakness is a genuine experience of limb paralysis without neurological disease, often marked by internal inconsistencies due to focused attention. Understanding triggers like injury and panic aids diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
conversion disorderfunctional neurologic symptomslimb weaknessnonorganicparalysisparesispsychogenic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional limb weakness presents as real weakness or paralysis without underlying neurological disease.
  • This condition is characterized by internal inconsistencies in symptoms, often linked to heightened attention.

Observation:

  • Historical accounts from the late 19th and early 20th centuries detail the subjective experience of functional limb weakness.
  • Physiological triggers (injury, migraine) and psychophysiological events (panic, dissociation) are relevant to its mechanisms and treatment.

Findings:

  • Numerous positive diagnostic features exist, supported by neurophysiological testing.
  • Key bedside diagnostic tests include Hoover's sign, hip abductor sign, drift without pronation, dragging gait, give way weakness, and co-contraction, with established sensitivity and specificity.

Implications:

  • Recognizing these diagnostic signs is crucial for accurate diagnosis of functional limb weakness.
  • Understanding the interplay of neurological and psychological factors can guide effective treatment strategies.