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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Psychogenic (functional) parkinsonism.

M A Thenganatt1, J Jankovic1

  • 1Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychogenic parkinsonism (PP) is a disabling subtype of psychogenic movement disorders. Recognizing its distinct clinical signs aids in earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes for patients.

Keywords:
bradykinesiaparkinsonismpostural instabilitypsychogenictremor

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Psychogenic Disorders

Background:

  • Psychogenic parkinsonism (PP) is an underreported yet disabling condition.
  • Distinguishing PP from idiopathic Parkinson's disease is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight key clinical features differentiating PP from idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
  • To emphasize the role of functional imaging in diagnosing PP.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing PP, especially when it coexists with organic parkinsonism.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of characteristic signs and symptoms of PP.
  • Review of diagnostic challenges, including co-occurrence with organic parkinsonism.
  • Discussion of functional imaging techniques for evaluating nigrostriatal pathways.

Main Results:

  • PP presents with distinct features like abrupt onset, early disability, bilateral symptoms, and unique motor and behavioral characteristics.
  • Functional imaging can aid in differentiating PP from other parkinsonian syndromes.
  • Coexistence of PP with organic parkinsonism complicates diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of specific clinical signs is essential for early diagnosis of psychogenic parkinsonism.
  • Earlier diagnosis of PP can potentially lead to improved patient outcomes.
  • Functional neuroimaging provides valuable adjunct diagnostic information.