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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

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Functional disorders of swallowing.

A Baumann1, P O Katz2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can be oropharyngeal or esophageal. Functional dysphagia, a diagnosis of exclusion, has unknown mechanisms but may involve hypersensitivity, with supportive management and potential antidepressant benefits needing more research.

Keywords:
dysphagiaesophagusfunctional dysphagiafunctional esophageal disorderglobus sensationpsychogenicswallowing

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Neurology
  • Physiology of Swallowing
  • Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background:

  • Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular process involving the oropharynx and esophagus, regulated by the central and enteric nervous systems.
  • Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is categorized as oropharyngeal or esophageal, stemming from mechanical or structural issues.
  • Current diagnostic tools include videofluoroscopy, endoscopy, and manometry, but patient history remains paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and diagnosis of dysphagia.
  • To explore the characteristics and potential mechanisms of functional dysphagia.
  • To discuss current management strategies and the need for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic modalities for dysphagia.
  • Analysis of functional dysphagia based on Rome criteria.
  • Examination of potential therapeutic interventions, including antidepressants.

Main Results:

  • Patient history is the most critical diagnostic element for dysphagia.
  • Functional dysphagia is a diagnosis of exclusion with an unclear etiology, possibly linked to visceral hypersensitivity or abnormal contractions.
  • Management is primarily supportive, with preliminary evidence suggesting antidepressants may offer some benefit, though not confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of functional dysphagia and related disorders like globus sensation.
  • Improved diagnostic algorithms are needed for functional esophageal disorders.
  • Investigating novel treatment methods is crucial for managing functional dysphagia effectively.