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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Natamon Charakorn1, Eric J Kezirian2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalonkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) offers a unique 3D airway view to guide treatment. This review covers DISE techniques, the VOTE Classification, and its link to successful outcomes.

Keywords:
Drug-induced sleep endoscopyObstructive sleep apneaSnoringSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a key diagnostic tool.
  • It involves fiberoptic examination under sedation.
  • DISE provides unique 3D airway information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present recommendations for DISE technique.
  • To introduce the VOTE Classification system for reporting findings.
  • To review evidence on DISE test characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Fiberoptic examination under unconscious sedation.
  • Application of the VOTE Classification system.
  • Review of existing evidence on DISE.

Main Results:

  • DISE offers unique 3D airway insights.
  • The VOTE Classification standardizes reporting.
  • Evidence links DISE findings to treatment success.

Conclusions:

  • DISE is valuable for upper airway evaluation.
  • Standardized reporting via VOTE enhances clinical utility.
  • DISE findings guide effective treatment selection.