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Fission fragment RBE for bone sarcoma induction.

C W Mays¹, R D Lloyd, G N Taylor

¹Radiobiology Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.

Radiation Research

|September 1, 1989

Summary

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of Californium-252 fission fragments for bone sarcoma induction in beagles and mice was found to be very low, suggesting a potential reduction in their quality factor compared to alpha particles.

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Area of Science:

Radiological Physics
Radiobiology
Cancer Research

Background:

Californium-252 (Cf-252) emits both alpha particles and fission fragments, while Californium-249 (Cf-249) emits only alpha particles.
Bone sarcomas, primarily osteosarcomas, are the main radiation-induced cancers observed following Cf-252 exposure.
Understanding the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different radiation types is crucial for accurate radiation risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the RBE of Cf-252 fission fragments relative to alpha particles for bone sarcoma induction in beagles and mice.
To compare RBE values derived from dose-response relationships and risk coefficients.
To evaluate the implications of these findings for radiation protection and quality factor assignments.

Main Methods:

In vivo studies involving the injection of Cf-249 and Cf-252 into beagles and mice.
Calculation of skeletal doses from alpha particles and fission fragments.
Determination of RBE by comparing doses required for equal bone sarcoma incidence and by comparing risk coefficients.

Main Results:

The average RBE of fission fragments relative to alpha particles for bone sarcoma induction was calculated to be 0.1 +/- 0.1 across three different evaluation methods.
This low RBE is supported by findings in other studies related to lung cancer induction and chromosome aberrations.
The low effectiveness is attributed to alpha particles traversing a larger number of cells compared to fission fragments.

Conclusions:

Fission fragments from Cf-252 exhibit very low biological effectiveness for bone sarcoma induction compared to alpha particles on a per-gray absorbed dose basis.
The current quality factor assigned to fission fragments may warrant downward revision.
Further consideration should be given to reducing the quality factor of fission fragments relative to alpha particles in radiation protection frameworks.