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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Modeling Osteosarcoma Using Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Patient-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Modeling Cancer with Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Julian Gingold1, Ruoji Zhou2, Ihor R Lemischka3

  • 1Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Trends in Cancer
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a renewable source for generating cells to model cancer. This review covers technologies converting PSCs into valuable cancer research models for drug discovery and personalized therapies.

Keywords:
Cancer Disease ModelingDifferentiationGenome EditingPluripotent Stem Cells

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Area of Science:

  • * Cancer research
  • * Stem cell biology
  • * Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • * Cancer pathogenesis research is limited by sample access, tumor heterogeneity, and inadequate model organisms.
  • * Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • * PSCs provide an abundant source for generating diverse cell types crucial for disease modeling and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent technological advancements in converting PSCs into cancer research models.
  • * To highlight the utility of PSC-derived models in understanding cancer biology.
  • * To explore the application of these models in drug discovery and personalized cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of current literature on PSC differentiation techniques.
  • * Analysis of technologies enabling the conversion of PSCs into clinically relevant cancer models.
  • * Examination of case studies showcasing PSC-based cancer research.

Main Results:

  • * PSCs can be differentiated into various cell types relevant to cancer studies.
  • * Emerging technologies facilitate the creation of sophisticated PSC-derived cancer models.
  • * These models show promise for advancing drug screening and personalized medicine approaches.

Conclusions:

  • * PSCs represent a transformative tool for overcoming limitations in traditional cancer research.
  • * The development of PSC-based models is crucial for future cancer drug discovery and personalized therapies.
  • * Continued innovation in PSC technology will enhance their application in clinical oncology.