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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy.

Luís Guedes-Martins1,2,3

  • 1Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. luis.guedes.martins@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hypertension in pregnancy requires careful management to distinguish it from other hypertensive disorders. Women with this condition face increased risks for complications, necessitating specialized prenatal care and planning.

Keywords:
Blood pressureChronic arterial hypertensionPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Chronic hypertension is common in pregnancy, often linked to rising rates of obesity and advanced maternal age.
  • Distinguishing chronic hypertension from preeclampsia and gestational hypertension is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Women with chronic hypertension face elevated risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of differentiating chronic hypertension from other pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
  • To emphasize the increased risks associated with chronic hypertension during pregnancy.
  • To advocate for specialized care and preconception counseling for women with chronic hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chronic hypertension in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of pregnancy complication rates in women with pre-existing hypertension.
  • Emphasis on risk stratification and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Chronic hypertension increases the likelihood of superimposed preeclampsia, C-section, and preterm birth.
  • Adverse outcomes include low birth weight, NICU admission, and perinatal death.
  • Early identification and management are key to improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Specialized attention and family planning are vital for women with chronic hypertension before conception.
  • Continuous monitoring of fetal well-being and blood pressure optimization are essential throughout pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Proactive management can mitigate the risks associated with chronic hypertension in pregnancy.