Metabolomics, Lipidomics and Pharmacometabolomics of Human Hypertension

Anthony Au1, Kian-Kai Cheng2,3, Loo Keat Wei4,5

  • 1Institute of Bioproduct Development and Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor, Malaysia. auzlanthony@gmail.com.

Insights

Metabolomics offers key insights into hypertension, a complex disease. This approach helps identify biomarkers for better diagnosis, treatment prediction, and monitoring of drug effectiveness in hypertension management.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a prevalent, multifactorial human disease with serious complications like heart attack and stroke.
  • Understanding the heterogeneous pathogenesis of hypertension requires advanced molecular investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of metabolomics in understanding human hypertension.
  • To highlight the role of metabolomics in discovering disease-specific biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent metabolomic, lipidomic, and pharmacometabolomic studies on hypertension.
  • Focus on identifying metabolic biomarkers for hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomic studies have enhanced the identification of hypertension biomarkers.
  • These studies offer insights into predicting treatment outcomes.
  • Metabolomics aids in monitoring drug safety and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics is crucial for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hypertension.
  • Metabolic biomarker discovery is a key application of metabolomics in hypertension research.

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
696
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
61
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
262
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
87
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
4.7K
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
1.3K