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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Saffold virus, an emerging human cardiovirus.

Shawn Zheng Kai Tan1, Mark Zheng Yi Tan2, Mookkan Prabakaran1

  • 1Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|October 11, 2016
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Summary

Saffold virus (SAFV), a ubiquitous emerging cardiovirus, is linked to diverse systemic symptoms. Further molecular and animal research is crucial to understand its pathogenicity and clinical impact, especially neuropathogenicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Saffold virus (SAFV) is an emerging, ubiquitous human cardiovirus.
  • Initial research focused on respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
  • Recent findings associate SAFV with endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent developments in Saffold virus research.
  • To discuss epidemiology, human pathogenicity, and molecular and animal studies.
  • To provide insights into SAFV neuropathogenicity and guide future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies on SAFV.
  • Analysis of molecular and animal models to assess pathogenicity.
  • Evaluation of human case studies, considering potential confounding factors like coinfections.

Main Results:

  • SAFV exhibits a systemic nature, affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Neuropathogenicity is a significant concern, requiring further investigation.
  • Human studies may be confounded by coinfections, necessitating robust experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SAFV's pathogenicity and clinical impact is critical due to its prevalence and systemic effects.
  • Robust molecular and animal research is needed to support and clarify human clinical observations.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating SAFV's mechanisms of disease and coinfection impacts.