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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Coherent spin-exchange via a quantum mediator.

Timothy Alexander Baart1, Takafumi Fujita1, Christian Reichl2

  • 1QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.

Nature Nanotechnology
|November 8, 2016
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Summary

Researchers demonstrated coherent spin-spin coupling in quantum dots using a mediator. This breakthrough enables long-distance interactions for quantum computing and simulating complex molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Coherent interactions over distance are crucial for quantum simulation and computation.
  • Quantum dots offer tunability and long coherence times, but long-distance coupling is challenging.
  • Existing methods use quantum mediators for superconducting qubits and trapped ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate coherent time evolution of distant spin-spin coupling in a quantum dot system.
  • To establish a quantum mediator approach for scalable quantum dot-based quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a linear triple-quantum-dot array with single electron spins on outer dots.
  • Employed a superexchange interaction mechanism mediated by an empty central quantum dot.
  • Performed single-shot spin readout to measure coherent time evolution of spin states.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated coherent time evolution of two interacting distant spins.
  • Observed a distinct dependence of the exchange frequency on the detuning between dots.
  • Validated the efficacy of the superexchange interaction via a quantum mediator.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated approach provides a viable route for scaling up spin qubit circuits in quantum dots.
  • This method can facilitate simulations of materials and molecules with non-nearest-neighbor couplings.
  • The superexchange concept is applicable to both quantum dot systems and cold atom experiments.