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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Epigenetics in Cancer: A Hematological Perspective.

Maximilian Stahl1, Nathan Kohrman1, Steven D Gore1

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Epigenetic dysregulation drives cancer, intersecting with genomics, immunology, and aging. Epigenetic therapies show promise for treating myeloid malignancies and other advanced cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulation is known to be disrupted in cancer.
  • Emerging data links epigenetics to next-generation sequencing, immunology, metabolomics, and cellular aging.
  • The development of drugs targeting epigenetic mechanisms is increasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in oncogenesis using myeloid malignancies as examples.
  • To explore the interplay between epigenetic mechanisms, genetic aberrations, and immune response.
  • To discuss the potential of epigenetic therapy in influencing cancer cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetics in cancer.
  • Focus on myeloid malignancies as a model system.
  • Discussion of epigenetic therapy strategies.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms can initiate and promote oncogenesis, particularly in myeloid malignancies.
  • Epigenetic alterations are closely linked with genetic aberrations.
  • Epigenetic changes impact various systems, including the immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is a critical factor in cancer development and progression.
  • Epigenetic therapy offers a promising avenue for cancer treatment, including advanced stages.