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National doping prevention guidelines: Intent, efficacy and lessons learned - A 4-year evaluation.

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Germany's National Doping Prevention Plan (NDPP) showed limited structural changes in elite sports schools. Additional National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) activities improved athlete knowledge, but the overall impact on doping prevention remains small.

Keywords:
Anti-doping guidelineAnti-doping programDopingElite sports schools

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Public Health
  • Educational Research

Background:

  • Doping poses health risks to young athletes, necessitating effective prevention strategies.
  • Existing prevention programs have practical limitations in addressing doping.
  • Germany implemented the National Doping Prevention Plan (NDPP) to enhance anti-doping efforts for young elite athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the structural impact of the NDPP on doping prevention in elite sports schools.
  • To assess the effectiveness of new National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) activities in improving anti-doping knowledge among young athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Study I: Longitudinal evaluation of 22 teachers in elite sports schools 4 years post-NDPP introduction.
  • Study II: Cross-sectional comparison of 213 elite sports school students, with some receiving additional NADA activities.
  • Statistical analyses included McNemar tests, Wilcoxon tests, and ANCOVA.

Main Results:

  • Limited structural changes in the frequency, type, and scope of doping prevention were observed 4 years after NDPP implementation.
  • Students receiving additional NADA anti-doping activities demonstrated superior performance on an anti-doping knowledge test compared to the control group (p <0.001).
  • The observed difference in knowledge, while statistically significant, was small.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of the NDPP into elite sports schools achieved partial success, primarily influencing the content rather than the structure of prevention activities.
  • Additional NDPP 'booster sessions' significantly increased students' doping knowledge, but the effect size was small and behavioral impact is uncertain.
  • Further development is needed to translate enhanced knowledge into tangible behavioral changes and robust anti-doping practices.