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Published on: September 5, 2017
Population impact of factors associated with prevalent pulmonary tuberculosis in Tanzania
M Senkoro1, A M V Kumar2, P Chinnakali3
1National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Setting:
Tanzania has an estimated tuberculosis (TB) prevalence of 295 per 100 000 adult population. There is currently no nationally representative information on factors associated with TB in Tanzania.
Objective:
To determine the demographic and clinical factors associated with bacteriologically confirmed TB in the adult general population of Tanzania.
Design:
A case-control study nested in a nationally representative TB prevalence survey. All patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB) constituted cases and a representative sample of people without bacteriologically confirmed PTB constituted controls. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) to identify factors associated with TB.
Results:
Age groups 25-34 years (aOR 3.7, 95%CI 1.5-8.8) and 55-64 years (aOR 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-5.5), male sex (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3) and low body mass index (BMI) (aOR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.8) were significantly associated with TB. Association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was not statistically significant. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was 2% (95%CI -2 to 5) for DM and 3% (95%CI -2 to 8) for HIV.
Conclusion:
Being in an older age group, being male and having a low BMI were associated with bacteriologically confirmed PTB. On the population level, classic risk factors for TB have no major effect on prevalent TB from which future transmission may occur.
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