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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention
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[Metallic ureteral stents. Present and future.]

E Morcillo1, I Fernández2, M Pamplona3

  • 1Unidad de Endoscopia. Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón. Cáceres. España.

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia
|October 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Metallic ureteral stents offer a single-procedure solution for ureteral obstruction, reducing the need for frequent replacements compared to traditional methods. Further bioengineering advancements are key to overcoming current limitations and developing ideal metallic stents.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ureteral obstruction, particularly of malignant or complicated benign origin, presents significant management challenges.
  • Conventional drainage techniques often involve external diversions with associated adverse effects and frequent replacements.
  • Metallic stents have evolved as a potential alternative, aiming for single-procedure resolution without external diversions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current status of metallic ureteral stents.
  • To identify the advantages and limitations of metallic ureteral stents in managing ureteral obstruction.
  • To explore future directions for improving metallic stent design and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metallic stent development for ureteral applications.
  • Analysis of design evolution in response to the urinary tract environment and ureteral dynamics.
  • Examination of current challenges and potential solutions, including bioengineering approaches.

Main Results:

  • Early metallic stents faced high failure rates due to unsuitable designs for the urinary tract.
  • Modern metallic stents (e.g., Memokath, Uventa, Allium Medical URS-stent, Resonance) show improved success rates.
  • Current limitations include obstructive urothelial hyperplasia, encrustation, and migration, restricting widespread use.

Conclusions:

  • Metallic ureteral stents offer advantages over conventional methods but are limited by adverse effects.
  • Understanding physiopathological mechanisms is crucial for mitigating these side effects.
  • Future developments in drug-eluting, biocoated, or biodegradable metallic stents hold promise for the ideal solution.