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Judith Schwenter1, Fredy Schmidli, Roland Weiger
1Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Hospital for Dental Medicine, University of Basel.
This study investigated how to bond resin cements to a polymer-infiltrated ceramic material called VITA Enamic. Researchers tested three types of resin cements on polished surfaces of VITA Enamic and its components. They found that using silane coupling agents was essential for achieving strong bonds. Etching the material with hydrofluoric acid improved bonding, but only up to 30 seconds. Applying silane after etching further increased bond strength. The polymer part of the material did not support strong bonding. The study suggests that surface preparation and chemical agents are key for successful bonding to this type of ceramic. These findings may help guide dental professionals in using this material in clinical settings.
Area of Science:
Background:
Current research has established that silane coupling agents enhance bonding to ceramic surfaces. However, the specific mechanism of adhesive bonding to polymer-infiltrated ceramics remains unclear. Prior studies have focused on traditional ceramics and resin composites, but less is known about polymer-infiltrated composites like VITA Enamic. This gap motivated the need to investigate how different resin cements interact with these materials. Existing literature suggests that surface preparation and chemical agents influence bond strength. No prior work had resolved the effect of etching time and silane application on polymer-infiltrated ceramics. This uncertainty drove the current investigation into bond strength mechanisms. The study aims to clarify how polishing, etching, and silanization affect bonding to VITA Enamic and its components.
Purpose Of The Study:
The study sought to determine how adhesive bonding occurs to polymer-infiltrated ceramic VITA Enamic. It focused on measuring shear bond strength using three resin composite cements. The materials tested included polished surfaces of VITA Enamic, its silicate ceramic component, and its polymer component. The study also examined the impact of etching and silane coupling agents on bond strength. The goal was to identify optimal conditions for bonding to this composite material. The researchers aimed to compare bond strength across different surface treatments and cement types. They sought to clarify whether etching duration affects bonding outcomes. The findings may guide clinical protocols for bonding to polymer-infiltrated ceramics.
Main Methods:
The study used polished surfaces of VITA Enamic, its silicate ceramic, and polymer components. Three resin composite cements were tested: RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, Clearfil SA, and Variolink II. Shear bond strength was measured after 24 hours of water storage at 37°C. A screening test assessed the effect of etching VITA Enamic with 5% HF for varying durations. Silane coupling agents were applied to some samples. The study compared bond strength across different surface treatments and cement types. No additional variables were introduced beyond those described. The experimental setup followed standard protocols for adhesive bonding testing.
Main Results:
Significant bonding to polished substrates occurred only when silane coupling agents were used. Bonding was observed on VITA Enamic and its silicate ceramic component but not on the polymer component. Etching VITA Enamic with 5% HF increased shear bond strength. Silanization of etched surfaces further improved bond strength. Etching for more than 30 seconds did not enhance results. The highest bond strength was achieved with silane application after etching. No significant differences were found between the three resin cements tested. The results suggest that surface preparation and chemical agents are critical for bonding success.
Conclusions:
The authors propose that silane coupling agents are necessary for achieving significant bonding to polished VITA Enamic and silicate ceramic surfaces. They suggest that etching with 5% HF improves bond strength but only up to 30 seconds. They propose that silanization after etching further enhances bonding outcomes. They suggest that the polymer component of VITA Enamic does not support significant bonding. They propose that resin cement type does not significantly affect bond strength in this setup. They suggest that surface preparation is a critical factor in adhesive bonding success. They propose that these findings may inform clinical protocols for bonding to polymer-infiltrated ceramics. They suggest that further research could explore alternative surface treatments and cement types.
The authors propose that silane coupling agents are necessary for significant bonding to polished VITA Enamic and its silicate ceramic component.
The study tested RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, Clearfil SA, and Variolink II.
The authors propose that etching for more than 30 seconds did not improve shear bond strength.
Silane application after etching further increased bond strength, suggesting it enhances the chemical interaction between cement and substrate.
Significant bonding to polished substrates occurred only when silane coupling agents were used.
The authors suggest that surface preparation and silane application are critical for bonding success to polymer-infiltrated ceramics.
