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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

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circRNADb: A comprehensive database for human circular RNAs with protein-coding annotations.

Xiaoping Chen1, Ping Han2, Tao Zhou3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.

Scientific Reports
|October 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new database, circRNADb, now comprehensively annotates human circular RNAs (circRNAs), revealing their potential to encode proteins. This resource aids research into circRNA functions in health and disease.

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Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are prevalent in human cells and tissues, regulating physiological and pathological processes.
  • A significant gap exists in comprehensively annotated databases for human circRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish circRNADb, a detailed database of human exonic circRNAs.
  • To investigate the protein-coding potential of circRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Curated selection of 32,914 human exonic circRNAs from diverse sources.
  • Annotation of genomic information, splicing, sequences, internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), and open reading frames (ORFs).
  • Mass spectrometry validation for protein expression of selected circRNAs.

Main Results:

  • circRNADb contains 32,914 human exonic circRNAs with comprehensive annotations.
  • A substantial number of circRNAs (16,328) possess ORFs >100 amino acids, with 7,170 having IRES elements.
  • Protein expression was confirmed for 46 circRNAs derived from 37 genes.

Conclusions:

  • circRNADb provides a valuable resource for studying human circRNAs and their functions.
  • This study presents novel evidence for circRNA-derived protein production in humans.
  • The database facilitates data exploration, submission, and future updates for ongoing research.