Imaging the Injured Pediatric Athlete: Upper Extremity
Jorge Delgado1, Diego Jaramillo1, Nancy A Chauvin1
1From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (J.D., N.A.C.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (D.J.); and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (N.A.C.).
Summary
Pediatric athletes face unique sports injuries due to developing skeletons. Understanding these specific bone and soft tissue injuries is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Childhood sports participation leads to numerous injuries.
- Pediatric sports injuries differ from adult injuries due to the developing skeleton.
- Growing bones are vulnerable to acute and chronic injuries due to strength imbalances.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review normal upper extremity development in children.
- Highlight common and unique pediatric athletic injuries.
- Describe injury pathophysiology, imaging, and prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of normal osseous development of the upper extremity.
- Emphasis on structures prone to injury in pediatric athletes.
- Description of pathophysiology, imaging appearance, and findings.
Main Results:
- Acute injuries unique to pediatric athletes include specific physeal fractures (clavicle, humerus, coracoid) and elbow fractures.
- Chronic injuries from repetitive microtrauma include acromial apophyseolysis, Little Leaguer's shoulder/elbow, and elbow compartment injuries.
- Less common injuries like trochlear osteochondral lesions and gymnast's wrist are also discussed.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric athletes experience distinct injury patterns compared to adults.
- Knowledge of pediatric skeletal development is key to understanding these injuries.
- Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing and managing pediatric sports injuries.
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