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[HIV and the central nervous system].

P Aukrust, K Hestad

    Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
    |August 20, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently infects the central nervous system, causing subacute HIV-encephalitis. Early brain involvement is detectable via neuropsychological assessment and may improve with zidovudine (AZT).

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Neuroimmunology

    Context:

    • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS).
    • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently presents with neurological dysfunction, primarily subacute HIV-encephalitis.
    • Pathological changes are most pronounced in subcortical structures, including cerebral white and deep gray matter.

    Purpose:

    • To review the neurological manifestations of HIV infection in the CNS.
    • To discuss the pathogenesis of subacute HIV-encephalitis.
    • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for HIV-associated neurological disorders.

    Summary:

    • Subacute HIV-encephalitis involves cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments.
    • Lymphocytes and macrophages are the primary infected cells, with cytokine production playing a key role in pathogenesis.

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  • The CNS serves as a reservoir for HIV infection.
  • Neuropsychological assessment is crucial for detecting early CNS involvement.
  • Zidovudine (AZT) may offer partial amelioration of neurological symptoms.

    • Impact:

    • Informs understanding of HIV's neurological impact.
    • Guides clinical diagnosis and management of HIV-associated neurological conditions.
    • Emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention for better patient outcomes.