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Human mitochondrial ribosomes can switch their structural RNA composition.

Joanna Rorbach1, Fei Gao2, Christopher A Powell1

  • 1Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian mitoribosomes integrate specific mitochondrially encoded tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) instead of 5S rRNA. Human mitoribosomes adapt by switching to mt-tRNAPhe when mt-tRNAVal is depleted, ensuring translation competence.

Keywords:
mammalian mitochondriamitochondrial protein synthesisrRNAribosomestRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revealed mammalian mitoribosomes lack 5S rRNA.
  • Mitoribosomes unexpectedly incorporate a mitochondrially encoded tRNA (mt-tRNA) in place of 5S rRNA.
  • Human mitoribosomes use mt-tRNAVal, while porcine mitoribosomes use mt-tRNAPhe, posing a question about mammalian mt-tRNA diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the range of mt-tRNAs incorporated into mammalian mitoribosomes.
  • To determine if mt-tRNA selection varies across different mammalian species and tissues.
  • To examine the adaptive response of human mitoribosomes to mt-tRNAVal depletion.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of mitoribosome composition across five mammalian species.
  • Tissue-specific analysis of mt-tRNA incorporation within organisms.
  • Investigating human mitoribosome biogenesis under conditions of mt-tRNAVal depletion.

Main Results:

  • Only mt-tRNAVal or mt-tRNAPhe were identified in the mitoribosomes of five studied mammals.
  • Each mammal consistently utilized the same mt-tRNA across all examined tissue types.
  • Human mitoribosomes demonstrated an adaptive switch to mt-tRNAPhe incorporation upon depletion of mt-tRNAVal.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian mitoribosome composition is conserved, utilizing either mt-tRNAVal or mt-tRNAPhe.
  • mt-tRNA selection in mitoribosomes is species-specific and not tissue-specific within an organism.
  • Human mitoribosomes exhibit plasticity, adapting to maintain translational function by incorporating alternative mt-tRNAs when necessary.