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Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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NAFLD and diabetes mellitus

Herbert Tilg1, Alexander R Moschen1, Michael Roden2,3,4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology &Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|October 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

The liver plays a key role in metabolism, impacting insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding liver-T2DM interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments for conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Hepatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The liver is central to systemic metabolism and its dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Hepatic fat accumulation, altered energy metabolism, and inflammation involving immune cells are key mechanisms.
  • Lipotoxins, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokines, and adipocytokines are implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex interplay between the liver and T2DM.
  • To review the mechanisms linking hepatic dysfunction to metabolic disorders.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of NAFLD and its progression in T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current scientific literature.
  • It examines the roles of hepatic fat, energy metabolism, and inflammation.
  • It discusses the impact of T2DM on liver disease and vice versa.

Main Results:

  • Patients with NAFLD frequently exhibit insulin resistance.
  • A significant proportion of T2DM patients develop NAFLD, often progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
  • NASH in T2DM increases risks for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • The liver and T2DM share intricate, bidirectional relationships.
  • Therapeutic strategies for T2DM, like thiazolidinediones, may also benefit NASH.
  • Further research into these interactions is vital for managing metabolic and liver diseases.

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