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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Veins as Blood Reservoirs01:10

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Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance...
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

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Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
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Blood Conservation-A Team Sport.

Donald S Likosky1, Timothy A Dickinson2, Theron A Paugh1

  • 1Section of Health Services Research and Quality, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The Journal of Extra-Corporeal Technology
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac surgery uses significant blood products. Strategies like acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and retrograde autologous priming (RAP) show promise for reducing transfusions, but adoption varies widely across institutions.

Keywords:
blood conservationblood transfusioncardiopulmonary bypasssurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Cardiac surgery is a major consumer of blood products (15-20% in the US).
  • Exposure to blood transfusions is linked to increased patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Significant institutional variability exists in transfusion rates despite evidence supporting restrictive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the literature on acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and retrograde autologous priming (RAP).
  • To assess the utilization of ANH and RAP in cardiac surgery centers.
  • To identify factors contributing to variability in blood conservation practice adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ANH and RAP in cardiac surgery.
  • Analysis of data from the Perfusion Measures and outcomes (PERForm) registry.
  • Inclusion of 10,203 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from 2010-2014 across 27 centers.

Main Results:

  • The overall red blood cell transfusion rate for CABG was 34.2%, with institutional rates ranging from 16.8% to 57.6%.
  • Utilization of ANH was 11.6% (range 0.0%-75.7%), and RAP was 71.4% (range 0.0%-99.0%) across centers.
  • Significant variation in the adoption of ANH and RAP suggests uncertainty regarding evidence and implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports blood conservation strategies like ANH and RAP in cardiac surgery.
  • Wide institutional variability in the use of ANH and RAP highlights a need for standardized guidelines and practice.
  • Multidisciplinary efforts and perfusion databases are crucial for improving blood management and patient outcomes.