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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Related Experiment Video

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Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in ADPKD.

Eun Ji Lee1

  • 1Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, South Korea. eunji8902@sm.ac.kr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves increased kidney cell proliferation and altered apoptosis. These processes disrupt normal kidney function, leading to cyst formation and disease progression.

Keywords:
ADPKDApoptosisAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseProliferation

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by increased renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation and fluid secretion.
  • Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation.
  • These disruptions lead to altered signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and contribute to cyst development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the mechanisms of cell proliferation and apoptosis in ADPKD progression.
  • To explore the interplay between signaling pathways regulating these cellular processes in ADPKD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ADPKD pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Increased tubular epithelial cell proliferation and dysregulated apoptosis are key features of ADPKD.
  • Disrupted calcium and cAMP homeostasis due to PKD1/PKK2 mutations drive aberrant cell signaling.
  • An imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to cyst growth and renal tissue remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Cell proliferation and apoptosis play critical roles in ADPKD pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the crosstalk between signaling pathways is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for ADPKD.