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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System
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Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS): The Implantable Systems Performance Registry (ISPR).

Peter E Konrad1, John M Huffman2, Lisa M Stearns3

  • 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Implantable Spinal Product Registry (ISPR) tracked Medtronic intrathecal drug infusion and spinal cord systems, finding high device survival rates. Catheter-related events were most common, but survival remained over 81% at 5 years for most models.

Keywords:
intrathecal drug deliveryneuromodulationpainregistryspasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Performance
  • Clinical Data Analysis

Background:

  • The Implantable Spinal Product Registry (ISPR) was established to monitor Medtronic's intrathecal drug infusion and spinal cord systems in the U.S.
  • This registry focuses on real-world safety and performance data of implanted devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term product performance and safety of Medtronic's intrathecal drug delivery and spinal cord systems.
  • To gather real-world data for guiding future product development and improving device reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from 50 U.S. sites implanting and following patients with intrathecal drug delivery systems (2003-2014).
  • Life table survival methods were used to estimate device performance over time.
  • Analysis included 6093 patients with an average follow-up of 29.6 months.

Main Results:

  • Pump-related event survival exceeded 90% for all models across follow-up points.
  • The majority of product performance issues were catheter-related.
  • At 5 years, survival from catheter-related events was over 81% for most catheter models.

Conclusions:

  • The ISPR provides ongoing, real-world safety and performance information for implanted spinal systems.
  • Data from the ISPR are crucial for informing the development of more reliable and higher-quality medical devices.