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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

921
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
921
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

1.4K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.4K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.1K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.1K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.7K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.7K
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

7.0K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
7.0K
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

3.8K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
3.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Published on: October 16, 2013

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Local Anesthetics Systemic Toxicity.

R Jayanthi1, Ksga Nasser2, K Monica3

  • 1Professor of Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lidocaine Hydrochloride, a common local anesthetic, can cause serious systemic toxicity affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This report details three cases of seizures linked to Lidocaine use.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Lidocaine Hydrochloride is a widely utilized amide local anesthetic.
  • While generally well-tolerated, systemic toxicity is a known, albeit less emphasized, adverse effect.
  • Toxicity primarily impacts the central nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Observation:

  • This report presents three distinct cases of patients experiencing seizures.
  • These seizures were directly associated with Lidocaine administration.
  • The cases highlight a critical aspect of Lidocaine's safety profile.

Findings:

  • Lidocaine-associated seizures represent a significant manifestation of systemic toxicity.
  • The central nervous system is a key target for Lidocaine's adverse effects.
  • Prompt recognition and management of these seizures are crucial.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be vigilant for central nervous system toxicity, including seizures, with Lidocaine use.
  • Understanding Lidocaine's toxicity profile is essential for safe anesthetic practice.
  • Further research into minimizing seizure risk with Lidocaine is warranted.