Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient
Hongseuk Lee1, Areum Kim1, Hyeok-Chan Kwon1
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
We demonstrated crystallization retardation of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film during single coating of precursor solution by simple addition of NaCl. NaCl was codissolved into a precursor mixture solution containing PbI2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI). Dissolved NaCl interacted with the PbI2 in solution and produced a stable intermediate phase, which was converted to a full-coverage uniform perovskite absorber layer via reaction with MAI during a single spin-coating. The resulting planar-structure perovskite solar cell made from NaCl-supplemented precursor solution showed a 48% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (maximum value 15.16%) over the device fabricated without the additive. Our NaCl-supplemented single coating represents an easy approach to effectively obtain highly reproducible uniform performance at an overall position in 5 cm × 5 cm sized cells (divided into 20 subcells with an active area of 0.06 cm2) with average PCEs of 12.00 ± 0.48%.
Related Concept Videos
Precipitation Processes
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
Colloidal precipitates
Types of Coprecipitation
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...

