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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed slower responses but no difference in perceptual sensitivity compared to controls, as revealed by the drift diffusion model (DDM). The DDM offers deeper insights into cognitive processes in ASD.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Two-alternative forced-choice tasks are standard for assessing cognitive function in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • The drift diffusion model (DDM) analyzes reaction time and accuracy to understand decision-making processes.
  • Previous studies often rely solely on behavioral data, potentially misinterpreting group differences in cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate perceptual decision-making in adults with and without ASD using the drift diffusion model (DDM).
  • To explore the underlying cognitive mechanisms contributing to performance differences in perceptual tasks within the ASD population.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants with (N=25) and without ASD (N=32) completed an orientation discrimination task.
  • The drift diffusion model (DDM) was applied to analyze the full reaction time distributions of the task data.

Main Results:

  • Participants with ASD exhibited slower response times compared to controls, with no significant difference in accuracy.
  • DDM analysis revealed that individuals with ASD were more cautious (wider boundary separation) and had increased non-decision time.
  • Crucially, the drift rate, representing evidence accumulation from the stimulus, did not differ between the ASD and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral data alone might suggest impaired perceptual sensitivity in ASD, but DDM results refute this, showing no difference in perceptual sensitivity.
  • The observed slowing in ASD is attributed to increased caution and non-decision time, not a deficit in perceptual evidence processing.
  • The DDM is a valuable tool for detailed cognitive analysis in autism spectrum disorder research, offering nuanced insights beyond simple accuracy and reaction time.