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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Interrelationships Between Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Language Development in the Age Range 2-4 years.

Jayne Newbury1, Thomas Klee1, Stephanie F Stokes1

  • 1University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

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|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early verbal working memory (VWM) in toddlers strongly predicts later language development. This finding highlights VWM

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Working memory and language skills are crucial for early childhood development.
  • Understanding the relationship between cognitive processes and language acquisition is vital for identifying potential developmental delays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal associations between different components of working memory and language outcomes in young children.
  • To determine which aspects of early cognitive processing, specifically verbal working memory (VWM), phonological short-term memory (PSTM), and processing speed, are most predictive of later language abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-seven children aged 24-30 months were assessed on measures of VWM, PSTM, processing speed, and visual cognition.
  • Language development (receptive and expressive) was evaluated using standardized tests 18 months later.
  • Longitudinal relationships were analyzed using bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression.

Main Results:

  • Strong bivariate relationships were observed between early VWM, PSTM, processing speed, and later language outcomes.
  • Early VWM demonstrated the strongest association with both receptive (r = .72) and expressive language (r = .71) at age four.
  • Including VWM, PSTM, and processing speed in regression models significantly improved the prediction of language outcomes, accounting for an additional 12%-13% of the variance.

Conclusions:

  • Early verbal working memory (VWM) uniquely predicts later receptive and expressive language skills in children.
  • Early processing speed also showed a unique association with later receptive language.
  • Phonological short-term memory (PSTM) did not predict unique variance in language outcomes, likely due to shared variance with other cognitive measures.