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Adipose-Vascular Coupling and Potential Therapeutics.

Maik Gollasch1

  • 1Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité - University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|October 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) influences blood vessel function by releasing substances that regulate arterial tone. Dysfunctional PVAT contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
ADRFKCNQ-type Kv7 channelsadipocyte-derived relaxing factorhydrogen sulfideperivascular relaxing factor

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disease Research

Background:

  • Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) excess is linked to hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, impacting whole-body physiology through secreted factors.
  • Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) specifically regulates the contractile state of adjacent vascular smooth muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of PVAT in regulating vascular tone.
  • To explore the contribution of PVAT-derived substances to vascular dysfunction in metabolic diseases.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the PVAT-vascular axis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized animal disease models to study PVAT-vascular interactions.
  • Investigated the paracrine signaling mechanisms between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle.
  • Analyzed the role of PVAT in conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and cardiometabolic disease.

Main Results:

  • PVAT modulates vascular smooth muscle contractility through the release of various substances.
  • Alterations in PVAT paracrine signaling contribute significantly to vascular dysfunction.
  • These dysfunctions are implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity, hypertension, and cardiometabolic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • PVAT plays a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
  • Aberrant PVAT function is a key factor in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
  • PVAT-derived factors and their targets represent promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.