Transcatheter thoracic duct embolization in the dog. An experimental study

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Interventional Radiology
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Canine chylothorax, a condition involving lymphatic fluid in the chest, often requires invasive surgical procedures.
• Existing treatments for chylothorax can be lengthy and carry significant anesthetic risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thoracic duct embolization using an isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate/iophendylate (IBCA) mixture in dogs.
• To assess the long-term patency of the embolized thoracic duct and identify potential complications.

Main Methods:

• Eight normal dogs underwent thoracic duct embolization via a mesenteric lymphatic vessel using an IBCA mixture.
• Lymphangiography was performed post-procedure and at six weeks.
• Histological examination and clinical observation were used to assess outcomes.

Main Results:

• Complete thoracic duct obstruction was achieved in all eight dogs immediately after embolization.
• Persistent obstruction was confirmed at six weeks in six dogs, with four developing lymphaticovenous anastomoses.
• Histology revealed a localized inflammatory response, with mild mesenteric lymph node congestion and jejunal lacteal dilation. One complication involved cranial vena cava thrombosis.

Conclusions:

• Thoracic duct embolization with IBCA is a potentially effective and less invasive method for managing canine chylothorax.
• The procedure demonstrated complete and potentially permanent thoracic duct occlusion, significantly reducing procedure time compared to traditional surgeries.