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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Stimulation of PPC Affects the Mapping between Motion and Force Signals for Stiffness Perception But Not Motion

Raz Leib1, Firas Mawase2, Amir Karniel3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N3BG, United Kingdom, and leibra@post.bgu.ac.il.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain estimates object stiffness by integrating motion and force signals in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the PPC causally links this region to stiffness perception, separate from motor control.

Keywords:
PPCcTBSdelayperceptionposition controlstiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Perception
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Assessing object stiffness is crucial for interaction but lacks dedicated sensors.
  • The brain combines motion and sensory inputs, like position and force signals, to estimate stiffness.
  • The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is traditionally linked to motion control, but its role in perception is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in integrating sensory information for stiffness perception.
  • To provide causal evidence for the PPC's involvement in stiffness estimation, dissociating it from motor control.
  • To explore how manipulating neural activity in the PPC affects the perception of stiffness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants interacted with objects where force feedback was delayed relative to motion.
  • Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the PPC and dorsal premotor cortex.
  • Movement control and stiffness underestimation were measured to assess the effects of TMS.

Main Results:

  • Delaying force feedback led to underestimation of object stiffness.
  • TMS over the PPC enhanced this stiffness underestimation effect without impacting movement control.
  • TMS over the dorsal premotor cortex did not produce a similar effect.

Conclusions:

  • The PPC plays a critical role in integrating position and force signals for stiffness perception, extending beyond its known role in motion control.
  • This study provides the first causal evidence for the PPC's involvement in perception, distinct from action.
  • Findings suggest the PPC acts as a stiffness estimator and may have implications for understanding sensory integration and developing rehabilitation strategies.