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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

Published on: June 28, 2017

Using binary optical elements (BOEs) to generate rectangular spots for illumination in micro flow cytometer.

Jingjing Zhao, Zheng You

Biomicrofluidics

|October 14, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Binary optical elements create rectangular spots for microflow cytometry illumination. This enhances throughput, enables real-time velocity measurement, and improves fluorescence intensity and stability.

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Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biophotonics
Optical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Microflow cytometry requires precise illumination for accurate cell analysis.
Traditional illumination methods can limit throughput and real-time measurement capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce novel rectangular quasi-flat-top spots generated by binary optical elements (BOEs) for microflow cytometry.
To evaluate the performance enhancement of a microflow cytometer using these BOEs.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of binary optical elements (BOEs) to generate three distinct rectangular spot patterns (R1, R2, R3).
Integration of BOEs with a microflow cytometer and a 3D hydrodynamic focusing chip.
Experimental detection of fluorescence microbeads to assess performance metrics.

Main Results:

BOE-generated spots demonstrated good fluorescence coefficients of variation compared to commercial instruments.
High throughput of 20,000 events per second (eps) achieved with the R1 spot.
R2 and R3 spots enabled real-time velocity measurement and improved fluorescence intensity and stability.

Conclusions:

BOEs effectively shape and homogenize illumination spots for microflow cytometry.
This approach significantly enhances microflow cytometer performance, including throughput and functionality.
The developed method offers advanced capabilities for particle analysis and velocity measurement.