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Model assessing thermal changes during high temperature root canal irrigation.

Analise Bartolo1, Edmond Koyess2, Josette Camilleri3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malta , Msida , Malta.

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|October 14, 2016
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Heating sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during root canal irrigation enhances its antimicrobial action. This study demonstrates that elevated temperatures can effectively eliminate microorganisms without causing irreversible bone damage.

Keywords:
biothermicsdentistryfinite element thermal modelhigh temperature root canal irrigationmicrobial eliminationmicroorganismspatient treatmentroot canal treatmentsimplified mathematical modelthermal changetooth

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Thermology

Background:

  • Root canal irrigation aims to eradicate microorganisms.
  • Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a standard irrigant, with enhanced antimicrobial activity at higher temperatures.
  • Extrusion of NaOCl beyond the root apex can cause localized tissue necrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of high-temperature root canal irrigation for microbial elimination.
  • To assess the thermal changes within a tooth during heated irrigation using numerical modeling.
  • To determine if temperatures achieved pose a risk of irreversible bone damage.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental setup was devised to deliver constant heat via a copper wire within the root canal.
  • A finite element method (FEM) was employed to numerically model thermal changes in dental tissues.
  • Experimental thermal data were used to validate the FEM tooth model.

Main Results:

  • The finite element thermal model yielded repeatable and validated results.
  • Simulations confirmed that achieved temperatures remained below the threshold for irreversible bone damage.
  • The study demonstrated that elevated temperatures are suitable for microbial elimination in root canal therapy.

Conclusions:

  • High-temperature root canal irrigation is a viable alternative for enhanced microbial elimination.
  • Numerical modeling and experimental validation confirm the safety of this thermal approach.
  • This method offers a potentially more effective approach to root canal disinfection.