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The Interleukin-1 Family.

Amir S Yazdi1, Kamran Ghoreschi2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. amir.yazdi@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family includes proteins that regulate inflammation. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) secretion requires inflammasome activation for its maturation and release.

Keywords:
AutoinflammationCaspasesIL-18IL-33IL-36InflammasomesNod-like receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family comprises proteins modulating inflammatory responses.
  • Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key pro-inflammatory mediator, inducing fever and immune activation through IL-1 receptor 1.
  • IL-1β secretion is tightly regulated, requiring a two-step process involving transcription and inflammasome activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.
  • To provide an overview of the IL-1 family, including its members and their roles in inflammation and immunity.
  • To discuss the involvement of other IL-1 family members in T-helper-cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract describes the biological pathways involved in IL-1β production and secretion.
  • It details the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in inducing pro-IL-1β transcription.
  • It explains the necessity of inflammasome activation for caspase-1 mediated cleavage and secretion of mature IL-1β.

Main Results:

  • TLR activation, TNF, or IL-1 receptor engagement induces transcription of the inactive proform of IL-1β.
  • Inflammasome activation is a critical second signal for the maturation and secretion of IL-1β.
  • Caspase-1 activation by inflammasomes cleaves pro-IL-1β into its active form.
  • IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) acts as a natural inhibitor of IL-1 receptor signaling.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1β secretion is a tightly controlled process essential for inflammatory responses.
  • The IL-1 family encompasses diverse proteins with varied roles, including pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory functions.
  • Members like IL-18, IL-33, and IL-36 play significant roles in T-helper-cell differentiation.