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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
Published on: February 26, 2019
Inter-regulation of gastric emptying and incretin hormone secretion: implications for postprandial glycemic control
Tongzhi Wu1, Christopher K Rayner1, Michael Horowitz1
1Discipline of Medicine & Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
Abstract:
The GI tract is central to the regulation of postprandial glycemia, with the rate of gastric emptying and the secretion of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1, being key determinants. Gastric emptying exhibits a large interindividual variation; the latter not only accounts for differences in postprandial glycemia but also determines postprandial incretin profiles. Accordingly, the rate of gastric emptying may affect the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. In contrast, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists lower postprandial glycemia predominantly by their action to slow gastric emptying. This review discusses the inter-relationship between gastric emptying and the incretin axis in the context of changes in blood glucose, with an emphasis on the relevant clinical implications.
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