Pulmonary Thromboembolism Presenting as Multiple Pulmonary Cavities.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pulmonology
• Genetics

Background:

• Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
• Inherited thrombophilias, such as protein C deficiency, predispose individuals to venous thromboembolism.
• Lung cavitation is an uncommon but severe complication of PTE.

Observation:

• A 38-year-old male presented with acute retrosternal chest pain and was diagnosed with PTE.
• The patient developed daily necrotic lung cavities, suggesting extensive embolic dissemination.
• High-grade fever was noted and attributed to the pulmonary thromboembolism.

Findings:

• Protein C deficiency, an inherited thrombophilia, was identified as the underlying cause of the thrombus.
• The case presented with unusual features of multiple lung cavitations and high fever.
• The patient's condition improved with anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of investigating inherited thrombophilias in young patients with unexplained thromboembolic events.
• The development of lung cavitation in PTE warrants careful monitoring and aggressive management.
• Early diagnosis and treatment of protein C deficiency can prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.