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Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Crystal Field Theory
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
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Localized Mechanical Stress Induced Ionic Redistribution in a Layered LiCoO2 Cathode.

Wentao Yao1, Fei Long1, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical stress influences lithium ion movement in layered lithium cobalt oxide electrodes. Higher stress drives ion redistribution along grain boundaries, impacting battery performance.

Keywords:
LiCoO2conductive AFMionic redistributionresistive switchingstress

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Controlling ion transport in rechargeable batteries is crucial for performance.
  • Understanding ion behavior in electrode materials under stress is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of mechanical stress on lithium ion distribution in LiCoO2 electrodes.
  • To demonstrate stress-induced resistive-switching effects in LiCoO2.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution imaging (∼100 nm) to observe ion redistribution.
  • Dynamic force ramping tests to apply controlled mechanical stress.
  • Comparative analysis using highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical stress actively controlled lithium ion redistribution in LiCoO2.
  • Increased stress led to greater ion movement along grain boundaries.
  • External stress fields induced resistive-switching behavior in LiCoO2.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical stress is a key factor influencing ion distribution in layered battery electrodes.
  • Findings provide insights into stress-induced effects for advanced rechargeable ion battery design.