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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Protein secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Xiuxia Liu1,2, Wei Zhang1,2, Zihao Zhao1,2

  • 1a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an excellent host for secreting proteins, simplifying purification. This review covers recent advances in its use for heterologous protein production via Sec and Tat pathways.

Keywords:
Corynebacterium glutamicumprotein secretionprotein translocationsignal peptidethe Sec pathwaythe Tat pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium extensively utilized for industrial amino acid production.
  • Its inherent characteristics, including efficient protein secretion, low endogenous extracellular proteins, and minimal hydrolytic enzyme activity, make it an ideal host for heterologous protein expression.
  • Secretion into the culture medium simplifies downstream purification compared to intracellular expression methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review recent advancements in the secretory production of heterologous proteins using Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  • To provide an in-depth examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein translocation in C. glutamicum.
  • To evaluate successful case studies and address current challenges and solutions for using C. glutamicum as a secretory expression host.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on protein secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  • Analysis of the Sec and Tat secretory pathways and their signal peptides.
  • Evaluation of case studies demonstrating successful heterologous protein production.

Main Results:

  • Corynebacterium glutamicum efficiently secretes properly folded heterologous proteins.
  • The Sec and Tat pathways, mediated by specific signal peptides, are key to protein translocation.
  • Simplified downstream purification is a significant advantage of secretory expression.

Conclusions:

  • Corynebacterium glutamicum is a highly effective host for the industrial-scale secretory production of diverse proteins.
  • Understanding and optimizing the protein translocation mechanisms are crucial for enhancing production yields.
  • Addressing existing challenges will further solidify its role in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.