Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

TP53 isoform dysregulation in pediatric B-ALL: identifying markers of favorable prognosis and relapse-associated dynamic.

Molecular biology reports·2026

Same author

Diagnostic and prognostic utility of neutrophil CD64 and monocyte HLA-DR in adult sepsis patients.

BMC research notes·2026

Same author

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and multiple myeloma: Cellular interactions and therapeutic opportunities.

Pathology, research and practice·2026

Same author

Comparative Analysis of 12 Flow Cytometry-Based Markers in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma and Their Utility in Detecting Minimal/Measurable Residual Disease.

International journal of laboratory hematology·2025

Same author

CD48 Is a Robust Marker and a Useful Addition for Assessment of Measurable Residual Disease in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

European journal of haematology·2025

Same author

Role of Composite Measurable Residual Disease Assessment with PET-CT and flow cytometry in Multiple Myeloma patients undergoing Autologous Transplant.

Blood cell therapy·2025

Same journal

Canaliculitis associated with multiple retained silicone punctal plugs and concurrent biodegradable plug placement.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in multifocal motor neuropathy.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Multiple visceral artery aneurysms and type II Abernethy malformation in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst complicating as an orbital abscess.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Management of <i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans</i> bacteraemia with an atypical antimicrobial resistance pattern.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Unintentional chronic acetaminophen overuse as an under-recognised cause of liver injury.

BMJ case reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis

Published on: May 8, 2021

Pathogenic Sarcina in urine.

Karthik Bommannan¹, Balan Louis Gaspar², Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva¹

¹Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|October 15, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcina, a Gram-positive bacteria, was found in an infant's urine after surgery for a posterior urethral valve. This finding expands the known locations where pathogenic Sarcina bacteria can be present.

More Related Videos

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis

Published on: May 8, 2021

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Urology
Pediatric Medicine

Background:

Sarcina is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus.
It is frequently found in gastrointestinal tract biopsies of patients with gastric stasis.
The exact pathogenic role of Sarcina in humans remains unclear.

Observation:

This report details an infant undergoing surgical treatment for a posterior urethral valve.
Urine samples from this infant revealed the presence of pathogenic Sarcina.

Findings:

Pathogenic Sarcina was identified in the urine of an infant.
This represents an unusual site for Sarcina detection, distinct from its typical gastrointestinal association.

Implications:

The urinary tract may be a potential site for Sarcina colonization or infection.
Further research is needed to understand the clinical significance and pathogenic mechanisms of Sarcina in the urinary system.
This case highlights the importance of considering Sarcina in urinary tract infections, particularly in specific patient populations.