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Systematic screening for cardiovascular risk at pharmacies.

Miklos Rohla1, Heinz Haberfeld2, Helmut Sinzinger3

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Pharmacy screening effectively identifies previously unknown cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in a significant portion of individuals, prompting medical consultation. This approach highlights underdiagnoses, especially in younger adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacy Practice

Background:

  • Early identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are crucial for reducing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • An active screening program in pharmacies was investigated to determine its effectiveness in detecting previously undiagnosed CVRFs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of a pharmacy-based screening program for identifying cardiovascular risk factors.
  • To determine the proportion of individuals with previously undetected CVRFs through active screening.

Main Methods:

  • A total of 6800 participants were enrolled across 184 pharmacies in Lower Austria.
  • Measurements included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, and blood glucose.
  • Data were collected between April and July 2013.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) was 18% in fasting individuals.
  • 57% had hypercholesterolemia, and 44% had elevated BP.
  • 30% of participants were identified with a CVRF they were unaware of, with 45% recommended to consult a physician.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacy-based screening identified CVRFs with prevalences similar to national surveys but revealed significant underdiagnosis, particularly in younger age groups.
  • A previously unknown CVRF was detected in one-third of individuals, often leading to physician referrals.
  • Active pharmacy screening may serve as an effective alternative to public preventive examinations, especially for younger populations.