Disorder Amidst Membrane Order: Standardizing Laurdan Generalized Polarization and Membrane Fluidity Terms
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
Published on: October 15, 2015
Anthony G Jay1,2, James A Hamilton3
1Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Abstract:
Membrane organization and fluidity research continues to expand and the understanding of membrane dynamics continues to be refined. Within this field of study, laurdan remains among the most popular, versatile, and established fluorescence probes. Fluorimetry and multiphoton microscopy techniques are standards for measuring laurdan fluorescence and continue to be refined. However, complications have arisen due to an amended membrane model, revised terms used for describing membrane phases, and wide variation in the selection of laurdan generalized polarization equation values. Here, in the context of the history and chemical properties of laurdan, discrepancies are highlighted and important recommendations are made to promote uniformity and ongoing progress.
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