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Hepatitis E as a Zoonosis.

Frederik Widén1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden. Frederik.Widen@sva.se.

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|October 15, 2016
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Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) spreads between animals and humans, with genotypes 3 and 4 posing zoonotic risks even in areas with good sanitation. Understanding these animal-to-human transmissions is crucial for public health.

Keywords:
Avian HEVHepatitis E virusRabbit HEVSwine HEVZoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection exhibits both human-to-human and zoonotic transmission routes.
  • Genotyping reveals HEV infections are commonly caused by genotypes 3 and 4, distinct from genotypes 1 and 2 typically seen in areas with poor sanitation.
  • The diversity of HEV-infected animal hosts is rapidly increasing, prompting investigation into the zoonotic potential of newly identified strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and understand the various sources of zoonotic Hepatitis E virus infection.
  • To elucidate the differences in transmission patterns between HEV genotypes 1/2 and 3/4 based on sanitary conditions.
  • To assess the zoonotic potential of HEV strains found in newly identified animal hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Hepatitis E virus epidemiology.
  • Analysis of HEV genotyping data from human and animal populations.
  • Evaluation of identified animal reservoirs and their contribution to zoonotic HEV transmission.

Main Results:

  • HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are significant causes of zoonotic infections, particularly in regions with good sanitation.
  • Certain animal species act as reservoirs for HEV, facilitating zoonotic spread.
  • The expanding range of HEV hosts complicates the understanding of transmission dynamics and zoonotic risk.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interplay between HEV genotypes, animal reservoirs, and human populations is essential for controlling zoonotic transmission.
  • The zoonotic potential of HEV strains varies significantly depending on the animal host and viral genotype.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize the sources and risks associated with zoonotic Hepatitis E virus infection.