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Anaphylaxis to latex during surgery.

F Leynadier1, C Pecquet, J Dry

  • 1Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France.

Anaesthesia
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
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Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, or anaphylaxis, in operating rooms are linked to latex allergy. Pre-operative screening with questionnaires and skin prick tests can help prevent these severe allergic responses.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical immunology and allergy
  • Occupational health and safety
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis in the operating room is a rare but life-threatening event.
  • Previous history of urticaria (hives) to latex was noted in affected individuals.
  • Three patients exhibited immediate hypersensitivity to fruit, a potential cross-reactor with latex.

Observation:

  • Five young women experienced progressive anaphylaxis 15-30 minutes post-anesthetic drug injection.
  • Standard skin tests for anesthetic drugs were negative, suggesting an alternative allergen.
  • Skin prick tests and human basophil degranulation tests were positive for latex and glove-incubated saline.

Findings:

  • All patients had a known allergy to latex.
  • Positive skin prick tests through surgical gloves and to latex allergen preparations confirmed IgE-mediated allergy.

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  • Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) for latex were also positive, supporting a latex-specific allergy.

    • Implications:

    • IgE-dependent latex allergy is a significant cause of perioperative anaphylaxis, even with negative anesthetic drug tests.
    • Pre-operative screening using questionnaires and latex skin prick tests is crucial for identifying at-risk patients.
    • Implementing latex avoidance strategies in surgical settings can prevent severe allergic reactions and improve patient safety.