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Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach

Published on: November 5, 2019

Measuring cancer evolution from the genome.

Trevor A Graham¹, Andrea Sottoriva²

¹Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

The Journal of Pathology

|October 15, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer evolution is hard to study over time. Analyzing cancer genomes reveals mutation history and selection, crucial for understanding cancer growth and predicting its future.

Keywords:

clonal evolution of cancer gradualism hopeful monsters intratumour heterogeneity neutral evolution next-generation sequencing punctuated equilibrium saltation selection subclones

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

Longitudinal studies of cancer evolution are limited due to treatment interference.
Current understanding of cancer growth relies on single-time-point analyses of excised tumors.
The cancer genome contains a historical record of mutations and clonal evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for analyzing cancer genomes to understand temporal dynamics.
To discuss the roles of selective and neutral evolution in carcinogenesis.
To highlight the importance of understanding non-selective evolution to study cancer selection.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cancer genome analysis.
Analysis of mutation patterns to infer evolutionary history.
Discussion of theoretical frameworks for cancer evolution.

Main Results:

Cancer genomes provide a record of mutation and selection history.
Both selective and neutral evolutionary processes are significant in cancer.
Punctuated evolution is observed in cancer phenotypes and is consistent with genome evolution.

Conclusions:

Understanding the absence of selection is key to studying cancer selection.
Punctuated phenotype evolution aligns with gradual or punctuated genome evolution.
Mapping cancer evolutionary trajectories requires understanding genotype-phenotype relationships.