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Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
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Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

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The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006). 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients
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Leadership self-assessment tool.

Ruth Williams

    Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England : 1994)
    |October 16, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new leadership self-assessment tool is now available for all health and care staff. This tool offers a quick review of essential leadership skills for professional development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare Management
    • Organizational Psychology

    Background:

    • Leadership skills are crucial for effective health and care service delivery.
    • Continuous professional development in leadership is essential for all staff levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a refined leadership self-assessment tool.
    • To provide a resource for rapid leadership skill evaluation for all health and care personnel.

    Main Methods:

    • Further development of an existing leadership self-assessment tool.
    • Ensuring the tool is accessible and applicable to a broad range of health and care service staff.

    Main Results:

    • The self-assessment tool has been enhanced for wider usability.
    • It is now ready for deployment across diverse health and care settings.

    Conclusions:

    • The updated tool facilitates accessible leadership skill assessment for all healthcare professionals.
    • This resource supports the ongoing enhancement of leadership capabilities within health and care services.