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Kidney Graft Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report.

I Laranjinha1, P Matias1, C Jorge1

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Kidney leiomyosarcoma is rare in transplant recipients, often linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This case highlights a rare EBV-negative leiomyosarcoma in a kidney transplant recipient, emphasizing the need for vigilance in post-transplant malignancy surveillance.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Kidney transplant recipients face increased malignancy risks.
  • Smooth muscle tumors, including leiomyosarcoma, are uncommon post-transplant, frequently linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Observation:

  • A kidney transplant recipient developed leiomyosarcoma within the graft four years post-transplant.
  • Tumor analysis revealed no evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) RNA.
  • The patient experienced local recurrence after nephrectomy and subsequently died.

Findings:

  • This report details a rare instance of EBV-negative leiomyosarcoma in a kidney graft.
  • The case underscores the possibility of leiomyosarcoma arising in transplant recipients independent of EBV.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering leiomyosarcoma in kidney transplant recipients presenting with graft masses.
  • Suggests that EBV status in tumor tissue may not be a universal marker for smooth muscle tumors in this population.
  • Emphasizes the need for continued surveillance for rare malignancies in immunosuppressed individuals.