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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.8K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
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Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: July 15, 2016

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Cohesin Mutations in Cancer.

Magali De Koninck1, Ana Losada1

  • 1Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cohesin, a protein complex vital for DNA repair and genome stability, plays a key role in cell division. Its mutations are linked to cancer, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Cohesin is a conserved ring-shaped protein complex essential for DNA transactions in the nucleus.
  • It mediates sister chromatid cohesion, crucial for chromosome segregation and DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR).
  • Cohesin interacts with proteins like CTCF and Mediator to influence genome organization, affecting transcription, replication, and rearrangements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the functional significance of cohesin alterations in various cell types.
  • To investigate the implications of cohesin mutations in cancer for patient classification and treatment.
  • To identify therapeutic vulnerabilities in cohesin-mutated cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cohesin subunit and regulator gene mutations in cancer.

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Related Experiment Videos

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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  • Functional studies on cohesin's role in DNA repair and genome organization.
  • Comparative analysis of cohesin function across different cell types.

    • Main Results:

    • Partial loss of cohesin function impacts cellular processes distinctively depending on the cell type.
    • Mutations in cohesin genes are prevalent in several human cancers.
    • Understanding these mutations can reveal cancer-specific vulnerabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Cohesin's role extends beyond basic cell division to complex genome regulation.
    • Cohesin mutations in cancer present opportunities for targeted therapies and personalized medicine.
    • Further research into cohesin's functional impact in cancer is warranted for improved patient outcomes.