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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis.

Selahattin Çaliskan1, Emrah Özsoy1, Selçuk Kaba1

  • 1Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Turkey.

Archives of Iranian Medicine
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare kidney inflammation. This study reviewed 13 cases, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and surgical treatment to reduce complications.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic, destructive granulomatous inflammation of the kidney.
  • First described in 1916, XGP has limited case series reported in the literature.
  • This study reports on XGP cases within a hospital's nephrectomy procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and report on patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) undergoing nephrectomy.
  • To analyze clinical, radiological, and surgical data of XGP patients.
  • To contribute to the understanding of this uncommon kidney pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of hospital database for nephrectomy cases diagnosed with XGP.
  • Collected preoperative laboratory results, radiological imaging, patient demographics, and predisposing disease history.

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  • Analyzed data from 13 XGP patients treated between January 2003 and December 2015.

    • Main Results:

    • 13 XGP cases (7 male, 6 female; mean age 56 years) were identified.
    • Key findings included pyuria (46.15%) and leukocytosis (7.7%).
    • Radiological findings varied, including pyonephrosis, hydronephrosis, and non-functioning kidney with calculi; all patients underwent open surgery without complications.

    Conclusions:

    • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon kidney variant requiring surgical management.
    • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for minimizing morbidity and mortality.
    • While radical nephrectomy is standard for diffuse XGP, nephron-sparing surgery may be an option for focal forms.