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Related Concept Videos

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

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The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
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Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

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Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
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pH01:24

pH

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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
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Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the...
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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

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Characterization and quantification of biochar alkalinity.

Rivka B Fidel1, David A Laird1, Michael L Thompson1

  • 1Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.

Chemosphere
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding biochar alkalinity is key for soil interactions. This study quantifies four types of biochar alkalinity—organic, carbonate, and inorganic—revealing their contribution to total alkalinity and soil pH.

Keywords:
AlkalinityBiocharCarbonateFunctional groupsOrganicpH

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Biomass Conversion

Background:

  • Biochar application influences soil properties, particularly pH.
  • The alkaline nature of biochar is crucial for pH-sensitive soil processes.
  • A lack of detailed understanding of biochar alkalis hinders accurate prediction of biochar-soil interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of biochar alkalinity.
  • To present a cohesive suite of methods for quantifying biochar alkalinity.
  • To determine the contribution of different alkali fractions to total biochar alkalinity.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of low-pKa organic structural alkalinity.
  • Measurement of other organic, carbonate, and inorganic alkalinities.
  • Correlation analysis between total biochar alkalinity and various biochar properties.

Main Results:

  • Biochars from cellulose, corn stover, and wood exhibited significant organic, carbonate, and inorganic alkalinities.
  • All four quantified alkalinity categories contributed to total biochar alkalinity.
  • Total biochar alkalinity was strongly correlated with base cation concentration but not solely dependent on elemental composition or other common metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple fractions of biochar alkalinity are relevant to soil pH.
  • Biochar alkalinity is complex and not predictable from simple parameters.
  • Further research is needed to characterize non-carbonate soluble alkalis and develop predictive models for biochar alkali composition.